DialectsД«efore the standardisation of Hindi on the Delhi dialect, various dialects and languages of the Hindi belt attained prominence through literary standardisation, such as Avadhi and Braj Bhasha. The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the Indian Independence movement, and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the Hindustani vocabulary of Bollywood films and songs. Intervocalic -бёЌ- to -б№›- or -l-: taбёЌДЃga 'pond' > talДЃv, naбёЌa 'reed' > nal.Дuring the period of Delhi Sultanate, which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures, the Sanskrit and Prakrit base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from Persian, evolving into the present form of Hindustani.Final -m to -б№Ѕ: grДЃma 'village' > gДЃma > gДЃб№Ѕ.Collapsing of adjacent vowels (including separated by a hiatus: apara 'other' > avara > aur.

Loss of unaccented or unstressed short vowels (reflected in schwa deletion): susthira 'firm' > sutthira > suthrДЃ.Formation of nasalised long vowels from nasal consonants (-VNC- > -VМ„МѓC-): bandha 'bond' > bДЃМѓdh.Loss of all word-final vowels: rДЃtri 'night' > rattД« > rДЃt.Compensatory lengthening of vowels preceding geminate consonants, sometimes with spontaneous nasalisation: Skt.The sound changes that characterised the transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are: Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of Vedic Sanskrit, through Sauraseni Prakrit and Ељauraseni Apabhraб№ѓЕ›a (from Sanskrit apabhraб№ѓЕ›a 'corrupt'), which emerged in the 7th century CE. HistoryДЇurther information: History of Hindustani Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi The Greek cognates of the same terms are ' Indus' (for the river) and ' India' (for the land of the river). The terms 'Hindi' and 'Hindu' trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name Sindhu (а¤ёа¤їа¤ЁаҐЌа¤§аҐЃ ), referring to the river Indus. ДЄnother name HindavД« (а¤№а¤їа¤ЁаҐЌа¤¦а¤µаҐЂ) or HinduД« (а¤№а¤їа¤ЁаҐЌа¤¦аҐЃа¤€) (from Persian: Щ‡Щ†ШЇЩ€ЫЊ 'of or belonging to the Hindu/Indian people') was often used in the past, for example by Amir Khusrow in his poetry. It was borrowed from Classical Persian Щ‡Щ†ШЇЫЊ HindД« ( Iranian Persian pronunciation: Hendi), meaning 'of or belonging to Hind (India)' (hence, 'Indian'). The term HindД« originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. ДЄs a linguistic variety, Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base. Such languages include Fiji Hindi, which has an official status in Fiji, and Caribbean Hindustani, which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname. Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as 'Hindi' but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. It is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi). Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi Belt. Hindi is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is an official language in 9 States and 3 Union Territories and an additional official language in 3 other states. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with English. Hindi has been described as a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of Northern India. Hindi ( Devanagari: а¤№а¤їа¤ЁаҐЌа¤¦аҐЂ, а¤№а¤їа¤‚а¤¦аҐЂ, ISO: HindД«), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari: а¤®а¤ѕа¤Ёа¤• а¤№а¤їа¤ЁаҐЌа¤¦аҐЂ, ISO: MДЃnak HindД«), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern and western India.

Film semi sub indo